Rmn cerebral7/30/2023 The focal point is on the manifestations of involvement visible on brain and spine imaging. This review describes the imaging findings in LNB. Encephalitis, cerebral vasculitis, and/or myelitis are the most severe forms of LNB, but occur rarely. Lyme neuroborreliosis is a common feature of B burgdorferi infection (as a neurological manifestation occurring in 10%–15% of all Lyme disease cases ) and may involve any part of the nervous system and its coverings, but it usually manifests as separate or simultaneous lymphocytic meningitis, radiculoneuritis, and/or cranial neuritis. Lyme borreliosis with neurological signs is called Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), and it may develop at any time within the disseminated and late stage. Chronic neurologic symptoms usually include encephalopathy, presented primarily with cognitive disturbances or peripheral neuropathy, manifested primarily as spinal radicular pain or distal paresthesias or hypoesthesia. The late disseminated stage may manifest as arthritic and/or chronic neurologic symptoms occurring a few years later. Disseminated disease associated with neurologic, cardiac, chronic skin, or articular involvement begins later (within a few months to years after disease onset). The clinical course of LB is variable, but the infection typically begins with erythema migrans at the tick bite site ( Figure 1), ie, a skin lesion appearing several days or weeks after the bite. Lyme borreliosis can be characterized by 3 chronologically overlapping stages: early localized, early disseminated, and late disseminated stage. Reports from Poland pointed out that the number of patients with LB is increasing. In Europe, approximately 65 500 patients are affected by this disease annually. Transmission occurs after the bite of ticks infected with bacteria (the 3 common species: Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, and Ixodes scapularis). In the northern hemisphere, it is classified as the most common arthropod-borne disease. Lyme borreliosis ( also known as Lyme disease) is a multisystem, multistage, zoonotic inflammatory disease transmitted by tick bite and caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) spirochete complex. Borrelia burgdorferi, imaging, Lyme neuroborreliosis, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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